Efferocytosis: Burying cell corpses to regulate tolerance and immunity

Efferocytosis: Burying cell corpses to regulate tolerance and immunity

It is remarkable that every second approximately one million of our cells die via apoptosis, yet the collateral damage incurred (e.g. onset of autoimmune disease) remains relatively rare [1]. Disposal of this massive number of cell corpses evolved to not only maintain homeostasis but also prevent dissemination of intracellular pathogens and promote host defense. For instance, during infection w...

T cell tolerance and immunity to commensal bacteria.

The commensal bacteria normally resident in the gastrointestinal tract represent an enormous pool of foreign antigen within the body. Although mechanical barriers limit entry of bacteria into the host, recent data suggest that T cells routinely interact with commensal bacteria using both antigen-specific and non-specific receptors. Depending on the bacterial species, either regulatory or effect...

T cell homeostasis in tolerance and immunity.

The size of the peripheral T cell pool is remarkably stable throughout life, reflecting precise regulation of cellular survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. Homeostatic proliferation refers to the process by which T cells spontaneously proliferate in a lymphopenic host. The critical signals driving this expansion are "space," contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide co...

Dendritic cell metabolism: immunity and tolerance.

Challenges of Burying Muslim Corpses During COVID-19 Pandemic- a glimpse into Iran

COVID-19 has affected all social, economic, and religious stratum of life. One of the consequences of an epidemic as a disaster is the death of a significant number of patients, which is more severe in the case of highly contagious diseases such as COVID-19 (1). Corpse management includes searching, finding, and organizing corpses, storing, identifying, documenting, burying, and funeral corpses...